Colon cancer is one of the most common—and most preventable—types of cancer. With early detection, it’s also one of the most treatable. That’s why colon cancer screenings are so important. Whether you're approaching 45 or have a family history of the disease, regular screenings could save your life.

What Is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, begins in the colon or rectum. It often starts as small, noncancerous polyps that can take years to develop into cancer. The key? Catching and removing these polyps before they become a problem.

Why Screenings Matter

Many people with early colon cancer don’t have symptoms. That’s why routine screenings are essential—even if you feel fine. Screenings can:

• Detect cancer early, when it’s most treatable
• Find and remove precancerous polyps
• Reduce your risk of developing colon cancer altogether

According to the American Cancer Society, people with average risk should begin screenings at age 45. Those with higher risk may need to start earlier.

Types of Colon Cancer Screenings

There are several ways to screen for colon cancer:

1. Colonoscopy
   
   1. Considered the gold standard
   2. Done every 10 years (or more often if needed)
   3. Allows doctors to view the entire colon and remove polyps during the procedure
2. Stool-Based Tests
   
   1. Includes FIT, gFOBT, and stool DNA tests like Cologuard®
   2. Non-invasive and done at home
   3. Typically repeated every 1 to 3 years, depending on the test
3. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and CT Colonography
   
   1. Less commonly used but still effective in certain cases
   2. Recommended every 5 years, depending on your risk and medical history

Who Is at Risk?

While everyone should be aware of their risk, you may be at higher risk if you:

• Have a family history of colon cancer or polyps
• Have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis
• Are overweight or physically inactive
• Smoke or consume heavy alcohol
• Are African American (who face higher risk and mortality rates)

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Even with regular screenings, it’s important to know the signs of colon cancer:

• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in the stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness

If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider right away.

Make Screening a Priority

Getting screened might not be at the top of your to-do list—but it should be. It’s quick, safe, and can prevent a deadly disease. If you're 45 or older, or have risk factors, talk to your provider about which test is right for you.

The Bottom Line

Colon cancer is often silent—but you don’t have to be. Take charge of your health with regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and open conversations with your provider. When caught early, colon cancer is highly treatable. Make the call. Schedule your screening. Protect your future.

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References:

American Cancer Society. (2024). American Cancer Society guideline for colorectal cancer screening. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/acs-recommendations.html 

CDC. (2023). Colorectal cancer screening. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/pdf/colorectal-cancer-screening-fact-sheet-508.pdf